What is a browser: in simple words about complex things

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Maxim aka WisH

Higher education with a degree in Information Systems. Experience as a system administrator - 5 years.

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There are apps that most people use, although not everyone is aware of it. To view any page on the Internet, you first need to open your browser and type in the address or search query. And only then will you be able to open the desired site or watch a video. We'll tell you what a browser is, how to use it and how to change settings.

What is a browser?

So, first of all, let's understand the meaning of the word. So what is a browser? In simple terms, a browser is a program designed to load and view pages, download files, manage applications and perform other tasks. The first such software appeared 26 years ago in 1993. Its name is NCSA Mosaic. The creators of the browser were E. Bina and M. Anderssen, who developed the program for the Windows OS. A feature of the software was its open source code, which was later used to create more modern software - Netscape Navigator.

Considering what a browser is and what it is for you, you need to note one more point. This is a special web interface, usually intended for surfing the Internet. This software is distributed free of charge. It can be supplied as a stand-alone item or as an add-on to other software items. For example, Internet Explorer comes with Windows, Safari with Mac OS X, and Google Chrome, Opera and other software as separate software.

Understanding what a browser is on a computer, we can simply say - this is what you are currently reading this text on the Internet in. At the user's request, the browser submits a request to the web server, from where a response is received and the desired page is transferred. After processing the information, the web browser provides the information to the user in a convenient form.

In general, as you understand, in the realities of the 21st century it is simply impossible to do without a Web browser. But let’s say you already have it, what should you do with it?

Update yourself! ...and you will be happy.

A little higher I talked about why you need to update your web browser. I would like to add a few more interesting arguments:

• Every year new standards appear for developers, which allow them to make websites even more attractive and interactive. But if the browser does not support these “tricks”, then you simply will not see them on the page. Therefore, browser creators monitor all trends, trying to keep up with the times.
• Increased security. New filters, ad blockers, and malicious resource blockers are being introduced, and “holes” in protection that can cause viral infection are being closed.
• Elimination of both minor and significant errors that affect the comfortable operation of the software.

It is worth noting that immediately after downloading and installing the utility, it is configured to automatically update. You don't need to take any action.

But sometimes a failure may occur, or someone may change the software settings in such a way that updates will no longer be downloaded and installed “automatically.” But you can fix this in a matter of seconds.

What is a browser for?

Above we partially examined what a web browser is and what it is needed for. At the present stage, the program is used on the Internet and allows you to solve the following problems:

1. reading text information;
2. downloading files;
3. exchange data with other users;
4. viewing pictures and videos;
5. listening to audio files and so on.

Depending on the functionality, the browser may provide additional features, for example, logging into sites via VPN, setting individual settings, etc.

Principle of operation

The task of a web browser is to make browsing the Internet simple for the average user. A person just needs to enter the name of the site in the address bar, the pages of which will begin to load in a few seconds.

You can enter the required query into the search bar, then a search site from Google or Yandex with the search phrase will automatically open.

You can save your favorite bookmarks to the Quick Access Toolbar so you can instantly jump to the site you want without typing the page's URL each time.

Technical part of the work

The web browser examines what the user wrote in the address bar and sends a request to the DNS server. The latter is needed to transform the site name into an IP address and redirect the user to the desired page.

The DNS is not contacted every time; if a person has already visited the website, the browser will take this information from the cache and load the page again.

The cache stores all information about the user, what sites he visited, what information he viewed. Saved data and pictures are used to speed up work so as not to download the same information several times.

In simple words, the browser is a phone, it calls the site, and DNS is an address book that “knows” who needs to be contacted.

Review of popular browsers

Now let's look at what browsers there are for PCs and phones. Please note that the names of web browsers may overlap. This is due to the fact that almost all manufacturers make software for computers and smartphones in order to capture the maximum market share.

For PC

If you select browsers for computers, there are five programs in the best category for 2022. Let's take a closer look at them. Please note that below are the most popular ones. But if suddenly your PC can’t handle them, you will need to choose a lightweight browser for a weak computer.

Yandex

Yandex is a fast and convenient web browser that has many additional applications (traffic, weather, music, mail, etc.). It has a nice interface, easy to use, supports extensions from other browsers (Opera, Chrome). During creation, the greatest attention was paid to safety. The program quickly identifies and blocks suspicious sites. There is a turbo mode for loading, a smart line with useful information.

Pros: built-in ad blocker, ability to install applications, fast operating speed, useful services, convenient search bar and many backgrounds.

Disadvantages - periodically there are problems with transferring history, lack of benefit for people who do not use Yandex services.

Google Chrome

When considering the question of what browsers are available, you cannot miss one of the best programs - Google Chrome. It is distinguished by high speed of connection to pages, simple but clear design, and many applications. Here, for the first time, the search and address input lines for the site are combined. Today, many developers have adopted this idea. It is based on the WebKit engine, which was used to create Safari. Key attention during development was paid to safety. Users are protected from phishing, viruses and other dangers on the Internet.

Pros - a separate services panel, fast synchronization with other devices, the presence of an “incognito” mode, high loading speed, monitoring of used resources, the ability to enable Google Chrome turbo mode.

Disadvantages: high requirements for RAM (from 2 GB or more), fast discharge of laptops, lack of Russian language in many applications.

Mozilla Firefox

This web explorer is deservedly in the top three, thanks to many useful extensions, automatic ad blocking and other features. Here you can quickly create screenshots, there is a built-in reader and a guaranteed level of security. The control panel is convenient and functional; it supports WASM and WebVR. All updates are installed automatically. Menu settings can be changed at your discretion.

Pros: convenience for web developers, ability to customize the appearance, convenient document reader, reliability.

Disadvantages: slower speed compared to competitors, periodic failures in opening pages, high RAM requirements.

Opera

It's no secret that a browser is primarily a tool for surfing. In this regard, Opera copes well with the task. It has been on the market for a long time (since 1994) and uses the same technology as Chrome. Users have access to a turbo mode for faster loading, a built-in VPN, a convenient access panel, and even voice control. You can watch video content in pop-up windows.

Pros: built-in VPN, widget support, large selection of hot combinations, versatility.

Disadvantages - less reliability, high system requirements, periodic problems when interacting with WML.

Internet Explorer

The Internet Explorer browser was once a leader, but today it has lost its position. This program is built into Windows and installed by default. After the update, the speed of operation has increased, the interface has been simplified, and the necessary programs are supported for the correct display of information. In version 11, a privacy mode appeared,

Pros - does not require installation, has a SmartScreen filter, combines the address bar with search, speeds up pages.

Cons: limited functionality, poor selection of extensions, simple design.

Other developments can be added to the list already discussed - Uran, Mawthon, Safari, etc.

For smartphones

Many users are more interested in the question of what an Internet browser is on a phone. In terms of functionality and purpose, this is the same program as for PC. The difference is that the application is written for the OS for phones - Android, iOS, and so on. Therefore, working in the browser is only available from a mobile device.

The list of the best browsers for smartphones has a different look:

• Dolphin is an application developed by MoboTap and designed for smartphones on Android and iOS. Features - great functionality, fast synchronization, viewing gestures, working with a flash player and much more. The Internet browser has a clear interface, fast loading speed and an incognito mode. One of the disadvantages is the lack of a mobile version.

• Firefox is a web explorer for smartphones that supports synchronization, HTML5 and allows you to use multiple panels simultaneously. With Firefox you can send content to TV and be sure of virus protection. Quick links to a number of social networks are available. The main drawback is its sensitivity to heavy pages, which may open unevenly.

• Google Chrome is a convenient and fast browser for phones with more than 1 million users. Its features include HTML5 support, fast synchronization, the option to save data, no restrictions on the number of tabs, and a high level of security. The downside is the lack of a large number of add-ons.

• Opera Mini. At one time, this browser gained popularity due to the fast loading of even heavy pages. Today it is one of the lightest and fastest web explorers with integrated protection, fast data saving, night mode and news saving function. The weak point is the limited add-ons.

• Browse Faster is an excellent solution for users who are looking for a fast browser for their smartphone. Its feature is the ability to remove ads, a high level of privacy, fast and safe browsing. The app uses less battery, has privacy plugins and even a password manager add-on. The downside is that there is no integration with Google.

Today, every user knows the benefits of a browser and why it is needed on a phone. This is not surprising, since PC surfing is gradually moving to mobile devices. This fact is confirmed by the activity of manufacturers, who are increasingly focused on creating programs for smartphones. Users just have to choose the best browser for their Android or iPhone. As for the above list, it can be supplemented with other programs - UC Browser, Maxthon5 Browser, etc.

Virus check

Modern Trojans and viruses can block the browser even if you have an antivirus program installed.

Antiviruses and scanners

The penetration of malware is facilitated by the presence of an outdated version of the antivirus and errors in its operation. To search for and remove viruses and Trojans, you can do the following:

1. Burn a high-quality anti-virus program onto a third-party media or disk.
2. Run it on the problem computer in Windows safe mode.

   
   To start this mode, you need to press the F8 key when rebooting.

3. In the menu that appears, select “safe mode” and press “enter”.
4. The device will start in safe mode, after which you can connect the antivirus media and start cleaning.

During system scanning, all local drives should be specified. At the end of the scan, the antivirus will show any existing problems. You can eliminate them by following the program instructions.

Checking the hosts file

Trojans and other malicious programs edit the hosts file, thereby blocking the browser from launching. Clearing this file may solve the problem. The procedure is carried out like this.

1. Press the Win + R keys on the keyboard.
2. A window will appear in which we paste the command notepad %SystemRoot%system32driversetchosts.

3. The Notepad program will launch, displaying the full contents of the hosts file. (screen 1)
4. We delete all lines located after 127.0.0.1 local hosts. The page must be scrolled to the end; dangerous content is located at the very bottom of the document.
5. After removing everything unnecessary, click the “save” button. (screen 2)
6. Restart your computer.

You cannot delete the etc folder in which the hosts file is located, this will lead to complete system failure. If the corrected file cannot be saved, repeat all steps as administrator.

How to choose a browser?

Now you know what browsers there are, what they are in simple words, and how they are used. The difficulty is that in the variety of programs it is difficult to navigate and choose a worthwhile option. In order not to make a mistake with your choice, it is recommended to follow the following criteria:

1. Popularity. For 2022, Google Chrome is considered one of the leaders. Other browsers such as Safari and Mozilla Firefox are not far behind. At the same time, Chrome has shown positive growth dynamics over the past three years. According to statistics, browsers that are in demand among users are more in demand and retain their positions longer. It is difficult for new web programs to gain their place in the market among the existing giants.
2. Reliability. An equally important criterion is reliability, because many unforeseen risks await the user on the Internet. It is important that the browser works stably and does not close due to a failure in any page. Today, major web explorer developers have changed the way their programs operate, making them more reliable. If a crash occurs, Web Explorer restores all tabs.
3. Convenience. This criterion is individual for each person. Some users criticize Mozilla and IE, while others like them. If you look at it from the standpoint of versatility, Google Chrome is considered one of the leaders, where all the controls are well thought out.
4. Safety. When working on the Internet, a person is not protected from hackers who can steal confidential or other important information. Of course, some of the problems are taken care of by the antivirus and firewall, but the browser should also act as one of the elements of defense. Today, all manufacturers pay maximum attention to this aspect, but Yandex and Google do the best job.
5. Speed. In the developing world, web users expect fast page loading speeds. Frequent freezes are annoying and force you to look for other browser options. The fastest ones include Google Chrome, Yandex and Opera.
6. Possibilities. Modern browsers are becoming more than just a shell for browsing pages. This is a “multimedia center” that replaces a mailbox, TV, player and much more. From this position, the leading positions are held by Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

When choosing a web explorer, you need to take into account that the browser is, first of all, an assistant when working on the Internet. That is why the main criteria remain reliability, safety and speed.

Opera - for those who need a VPN

• Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.
• Pros: built-in VPN, ad blocker, convenient sidebar.
• Cons: few extensions, useless built-in crypto wallet.

Fast and functional browser based on Chrome. Opera has the ability to preload pages. The app remembers which sites you visit most often and starts loading the page in the background while you're typing the address.

The browser offers, among other things, a news viewing tool located in the sidebar. You can also place mobile versions of different sites there so you can always keep them at hand.

Opera's main feature is its built-in VPN.

It allows you to load pages faster and browse even blocked sites, while also increasing your privacy and blocking tracking and cryptocurrency mining scripts.

Opera has its own extension store. There are not very many of them, but this is not so scary: the browser supports Chrome add-ons.

Download Opera →

Default browser: what is it and how to set it?

When working with a file, you see a link and click it to view the information. Immediately after this, the default browser opens. In the Windows operating system, this is almost always Internet Explorer, but the user can make changes and install the web explorer that suits him best. The question arises as to why it is needed as a default browser. The option is set so that you do not have to make a choice each time to launch any page or file for viewing using such software.

Let's look at how to set the default browser for different options:

1. Internet Explorer. Enter the program, go to the Tools tab (at the top or bottom in the form of a gear), and then select Internet Options. Next, click on the Programs tab and select the Set as default section. At the final step, confirm your action.
2. Opera. Log in to the browser, click on the button with the red letter “O” and select Settings. Next, click on the button to use Opera as default. In earlier versions, after going to Settings, you need to enter General Settings, and then Advanced. Here, find the Programs inscription and check the box asking you to check that the Opera browser is installed by default. Now save and try to enter the program. You will be asked whether to use the default program or not. Here you need to answer positively.
3. Mozilla Firefox. Open the program, click on the button with horizontal lines on the right and go to Settings. There, go to the Advanced and General sections. Click on the link Make Firefox the default browser and agree to the given command.
4. Google Chrome. Log in to Web Explorer, click on the three dots on the right, go to Settings and set the program as your default browser.
5. Yandex. Enter the software, click on the three lines at the top right, enter Settings. Next, go to the Settings tab and go to the very bottom, where you can set the mode of interest.

After completing the steps above, the browser of interest will always open by default.

Malicious software (viruses, trojans, etc.)

Programs of this type penetrate the system due to the lack of high-quality anti-virus protection or due to user error. To “treat” the system, you should burn an antivirus program to a USB drive or CD/DVD and run it on the infected computer. It is recommended to run the antivirus program in Windows safe mode. To do this, press F8 when you restart your computer. If the Boot Device selection menu appears, select the hard drive on which the operating system is installed, press Enter and F8 again.

How to use?

For dummies, it is very important not only to find and install a browser, but also to figure out how to use it. Each web explorer has an individual appearance and features. Let's briefly look at each of the options:

1. Opera. At the top left there are navigation buttons, then the address bar, and after it the search engine column. When you click on the “plus”, a new tab is added through which you can enter a new page. Thanks to the navigation buttons, you can move forward and back, as well as refresh the page. There is a convenient scale control at the bottom right.
2. Mozilla Firefox. The situation here is very similar. At the top there is a menu bar, below it there are tabs, and even lower on the left and right there is a window for entering an address and search, respectively. On the left, next to the address input line, there are navigation buttons. There is an add-ons panel at the bottom. Tabs can also be opened by clicking on the plus sign.
3. Internet Explorer. Here the situation is similar with Mozilla. The difference is that at the very top there are address entry lines and a search column below the menu. There was a place for tabs underneath. At the bottom right there is a status bar and the ability to zoom in on the page.
4. Google Chrome. There are tabs at the top. Below you can find a column that combines the address and search input line. To the left of it are control buttons. On the right is a place for applications and three dots (entrance to the menu).

It is important to consider that developers are constantly optimizing their products and releasing new versions of browsers. As a result, a lot may change, but the management principle itself remains constant. At the same time, everything is done so that every beginner can quickly figure it out and start surfing the Internet.

Let's find out the possible reason by viewing events

By itself, viewing events is not able to restore the functionality of browsers, but it will help you find out the reason why the program does not start. You can start the event viewer like this:

• Press the Win + R key combination. In the window that appears, enter the command eventvwr.msc, press “enter”

  
  (this method is relevant for Windows 7, 8 and 8.1);

• For Windows 10, the procedure is slightly different. Open the start menu at the bottom left of the screen

  
  , in the list of applications that opens, find the “Windows utilities” tab

  
  . A list will open in which you should click on “control panel”

  
  and select the “system and security” category. From this section we get to a new menu, select “administration”

  
  and open the “view event log” folder.

• Another option, suitable for Windows version 8.1, is to press the Win + X key combination on the keyboard.

In the menu on the left side there will be an item “Windows logs”. Click on it and select the “system” sub-item. In the “information” line that opens, the reason why browsers on the computer do not work will be indicated.

Tor Browser - for those who want to hide their actions on the Internet

• Platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, Android.
• Pros: excellent privacy, opens blocked sites, based on Firefox.
• Cons: Slow connection over the Tor network.

If you have something to hide or you can’t access a blocked site, try the anonymous Tor Browser. It works on the principle of onion routing: your encrypted data while surfing passes through multiple Tor network servers, making it difficult to track.

The browser is based on Firefox, so everything that was said about that browser will be true for this one: interface, features, functions. But they carefully removed all telemetry from Tor Browser and installed extensions that protect user privacy.

The default search engine here is the anonymous DuckDuckGo; changing it to Google is not recommended.

Tor Browser is clearly not suitable for daily use: the connection over the Tor network is quite slow. And there is no synchronization with mobile devices - for security reasons.

Download Tor Browser →

Microsoft Edge - for those who value minimal resource consumption

• Platforms: Windows, macOS, Android, iOS.
• Pros: handwriting input, modest battery consumption, built-in read-aloud.
• Cons: too few extensions

Edge also runs on the open-source Chromium engine. It's quite fast and, according to Microsoft, uses less battery than other browsers. It has a built-in reading mode that clears pages of anything unnecessary. Edge lets you save links for later and can be used as a tool for viewing e-books.

The browser has tools to protect your online privacy, as well as built-in handwriting notes directly on top of web pages and a Share menu. Through it you can send links to others from your computer via Bluetooth and Wi‑Fi.

An interesting solution is the “Collections” function, which allows you to save web pages, images, selected text and other content from the Internet into separate collections.

Edge doesn't have a lot of its own extensions, but by and large this is not a hindrance, since you can install any plugins from Google Chrome without any problems.

Download Microsoft Edge →

Safari - for Mac users

• Platforms: macOS, iOS.
• Pros: beautiful appearance, convenient reading mode, low resource consumption, perfect integration into the Apple ecosystem.
• Cons: not intended for non-Apple devices, not enough settings, even fewer extensions.

The best browser for Apple devices is Safari. It's fast, convenient, seamlessly integrated into macOS, and simply beautiful, as befits an Apple app.

Safari is designed specifically to save MacBook battery power: on these devices, it is much more energy efficient than any other browser. Safari bookmarks, passwords, and other data syncs with your iPhone and iPad.

Safari has a Picture-in-Picture mode for watching videos in a small separate window. All buttons and elements on the toolbar can be dragged with the mouse in the configuration mode when you go.

However, if you have a MacBook and an Android smartphone, Safari will not be able to sync bookmarks between them - install other browsers.